United Kingdom
First-tier Tribunal, Upper Tribunal, Administrative Court, and related appellate routes across England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
Report practice aligned to CPR Part 35 principles and tribunal procedural expectations.
02 / Coverage
Worldwide country expertise, matched to your procedural standard
A report that is strong on substance still fails if it does not meet the form your forum requires. We match experts on both country knowledge and the rules your tribunal applies.
01Regions
Where our experts work
Coverage spans the major asylum jurisdictions and the regions of origin instructing teams ask about most often.
United States
Immigration Court, Board of Immigration Appeals, and federal court review contexts.
Report preparation aligned with FRCP Rule 26 and immigration evidentiary practice.
European Union
National asylum authorities and courts applying EU qualification and procedures framework.
Analysis structured around country evidence quality, consistency, and procedural fairness.
Australia & New Zealand
Administrative and court-level asylum and protection review proceedings.
Reports structured for tribunal and judicial scrutiny with clear source referencing.
Canada
Immigration and Refugee Board proceedings, Federal Court review, and related appeals.
Evidence designed for credibility-sensitive decision-making and country risk analysis.
Middle East & North Africa
Country condition and risk analysis for claimants from and proceedings involving MENA states.
Current, source-referenced analysis adapted to the procedural forum instructing the expert.
South Asia
Expert evidence on political, religious, gender-based, and minority persecution across South Asian countries.
Reports tailored to tribunal or court requirements with transparent methodology.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Country and regional analysis for asylum and international protection claims across African jurisdictions.
Evidence grounded in primary sources and structured for cross-examination resilience.
Latin America & Caribbean
Expert input on gang violence, state protection, gender-based violence, and political persecution in the region.
Forum-appropriate report format with clear risk assessment and relocation analysis where required.
International & UNHCR
Regional protection bodies, UNHCR RSD, and cross-border proceedings requiring independent expert country evidence.
Adaptable report format with transparent methodology and source traceability.
02Standards
What an expert report must contain
Jurisdiction-specific requirements for report content, declarations, and procedural compliance, so nothing is challenged on form.
United Kingdom, CPR Part 35 & Practice Direction 35
Expert reports in England & Wales asylum and immigration proceedings must comply with CPR Part 35 and the expert's overriding duty to the tribunal.
I understand that my duty is to the court (or tribunal), not to the party who instructed me, and I have complied with that duty.
Core requirements
- Statement of truth and expert declaration confirming duty to the tribunal
- Expert qualifications, experience, and instructions received
- Summary of material facts and documents relied upon
- Substance of all material instructions, including those not followed
- Range of opinion where appropriate, with reasons for the opinion reached
- Summary of conclusions, clearly linked to the evidence base
- Practice Direction 35 compliance, including proportionate methodology and source referencing
Reports for the First-tier Tribunal (Immigration & Asylum Chamber) and Upper Tribunal should be structured for cross-examination and aligned with tribunal case management directions.
United States, FRCP Rule 26(a)(2) (Immigration Court context)
Expert disclosure in US immigration proceedings must meet the disclosure requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(a)(2), adapted to Immigration Court and BIA practice.
Core requirements
- Complete statement of all opinions and the basis and reasons for each opinion
- Facts or data considered in forming the opinions
- List of exhibits to be used as a summary or support for opinions
- Expert qualifications, including publications in the preceding 10 years
- Cases in which the expert has testified as an expert at trial or by deposition
- Statement of compensation for study and testimony in the case
- Disclosure deadlines and supplementation obligations observed
Immigration Court expert evidence should be prepared for adversarial scrutiny and rebuttal by the opposing party.
Australia, Federal Court Rules / AAT Expert Evidence Guidelines
Australian asylum and protection proceedings require expert evidence that complies with court and Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) expert witness obligations.
Core requirements
- Compliance with applicable expert witness code of conduct
- Expert declaration equivalent (duty to the court/tribunal, not the instructing party)
- Clear identification of instructions, assumptions, and methodology
- Referenced country condition analysis with primary sources
- AAT-specific formatting where proceedings are before the tribunal
Federal Court and AAT contexts may differ in procedural emphasis, instructing teams should confirm the forum at the outset.
Canada, IRB Rules 44-48 & Notice to Expert Witnesses
Expert reports before the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada must comply with IRB Rules and the Board's Notice to Expert Witnesses.
Core requirements
- Compliance with Notice to Expert Witnesses obligations
- Report format and content per IRB Rules 44-48
- Disclosure of the expert report to the other party within prescribed timelines
- Expert qualifications and scope of opinion clearly stated
- Neutral, referenced analysis of country conditions and risk factors
Federal Court review may impose additional procedural requirements, confirm whether proceedings are at IRB first instance or on judicial review.
European Union (Member States), National procedural rules & EU qualification framework
EU member state asylum proceedings apply national procedural rules within the EU asylum acquis framework, with emphasis on quality and consistency of country evidence.
Core requirements
- Clear linkage between country sources and expert conclusions
- Consistency analysis where credibility is in issue
- Transparent methodology and dated source material
- Compliance with national tribunal or court expert evidence rules
For written evidence prepared to these standards, see expert witness reports.
03Answers
Jurisdiction and report questions
The compliance points instructing teams check before they commit to an expert.
What is an expert witness in an asylum case?
An expert witness is a qualified specialist who provides independent evidence on matters requiring specialist knowledge, such as country conditions, cultural practices, risk assessment, or credibility factors. Their role is to assist the court or tribunal, not to advocate for either party.
Which countries and regions do you cover?
We provide expert witness and advisory services worldwide. Our panel covers country and regional specialisms across the UK, US, EU, Australia, Canada, the Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and international protection forums including UNHCR contexts.
How do I instruct an expert witness?
Submit an instruction brief via our online form with the country of origin, jurisdiction of proceedings, proceeding type, practice areas, languages, deadlines, and a summary of the issues the expert must address. We review your brief, confirm expert availability, and provide a scope and fee proposal, typically within one business day.
What should I include in an instruction brief?
Include the claimant's country of origin, forum and proceeding type, key factual issues, protected characteristics or claim basis (for example political opinion, religion, LGBTQ status), relevant dates, any prior country evidence relied on, hearing or filing deadlines, and the specific questions you need the expert to address.
How long does an expert witness report take?
Standard reports are typically delivered within 10 to 15 working days from agreed scope and receipt of instructions. Express (5 to 7 working days) and urgent (2 to 3 working days) timelines are available subject to expert availability and case complexity.
Tell us the forum and the country of origin
We will confirm which expert fits, which standard the report will meet, and whether the deadline is achievable.